Read the excerpt and answer the question that follows: “Regard must be had to the long established principles of statutory interpretation. At common law, there is a vast body of case law which deals with the distinction between statutory requirements that are peremptory or directory and, if peremptory, the consequences of non-compliance.” Source: Kruger v MacGregor (J123/99) [1999] ZALC 189 (18 June 1999) para 14. Required: Write an essay in which you evaluate the efficacy of the interpretive guidelines for distinguishing between peremptory and directory provisions. In your essay, you should, among other things, address the following: • An introduction. • Identify the words which present difficulty for interpretative purposes within the context of peremptory and directory provisions. • Identify and briefly discuss the “basic principle of statutory interpretation” applicable to the distinction between peremptory and directory provisions. • Set out the basic guidelines, as recognised over multiple cases, for distinguishing between peremptory and directory provisions. • Discuss whether you believe these guidelines truly contribute towards distinguishing between peremptory and directory provisions. • A conclusion. Compulsory sources to use: • Kruger and Another v MacGregor NO and Another (J123/99) [1999] ZALC 189 (18 June 1999). Retrieved from https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZALC/1999/189.html (accessed 15 August 2025). • Minister of Environmental Affairs v Trustees for the time being of Groundwork Trust and Others 2025 (4) SA 98 (SCA). Retrieved https://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZASCA/2025/43.html (accessed 15 August 2025).