Zambia stands at a critical historical moment, characterized by growing geopolitical rivalry, the global energy transition, demand for critical minerals, debt pressures, climate change, technological transformation, and changing global trade regimes. Assume you have just been appointed as a strategic advisor to the Zambian President by the leader of the political party that wins the upcoming August elections. The President has tasked you with devising the country’s long-term development plan. As part of this role, critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of Zambia’s past development strategies namely Kenneth Kaunda’s Humanism and Neoliberalism. Additionally, assess why Zambia’s Vision 2030 appears to have fallen short of its objectives so far.