Introduction
Person-centred care (PCC) is a fundamental approach in modern healthcare that prioritises the individual needs, preferences, and values of patients in the delivery of care. This essay aims to provide an overview of the concept of person-centred care and to explore its significance within the context of nursing practice. As a nursing student, understanding and applying PCC is essential to fostering positive patient outcomes and enhancing the quality of care. The discussion will first define person-centred care, drawing on key theoretical frameworks. It will then outline its importance in healthcare by examining its impact on patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes, and professional practice. By synthesising evidence from academic sources and official guidelines, this essay will argue that PCC is not merely an ethical ideal but a practical necessity in contemporary healthcare settings.
Defining Person-Centred Care
Person-centred care is an approach that places the individual at the heart of healthcare delivery, ensuring that care is tailored to their unique circumstances rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all model. The concept was popularised by pioneers such as Carl Rogers in the field of psychotherapy, but it has since been adapted to healthcare settings. According to McCormack and McCance (2010), PCC involves creating a therapeutic relationship between the healthcare provider and the patient, built on mutual respect, trust, and collaboration. This framework identifies key elements such as understanding the patient’s lived experience, involving them in decision-making, and providing care in a compassionate and empathetic manner.
In the UK, the principles of PCC are embedded in national healthcare policies and guidelines. For instance, the National Health Service (NHS) Constitution emphasises the importance of treating patients with dignity and respect, ensuring that their voices are heard in the care process (Department of Health and Social Care, 2021). Furthermore, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code of Conduct mandates that nurses prioritise the needs of individuals, advocating for their preferences and promoting autonomy (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2018). These directives underscore that PCC is not merely a theoretical ideal but a professional standard that nurses must uphold. However, despite its widespread endorsement, implementing PCC can be challenging due to systemic constraints such as time pressures and resource limitations, which will be discussed later in this essay.
The Importance of Practising Person-Centred Care in Healthcare
Enhancing Patient Satisfaction and Well-Being
One of the most significant benefits of practising person-centred care is its positive impact on patient satisfaction and emotional well-being. When patients feel listened to and valued, their trust in healthcare providers increases, which can lead to a more positive care experience. A study by Rathert et al. (2013) found that patients who received person-centred care reported higher levels of satisfaction and were more likely to adhere to treatment plans. This is particularly relevant in nursing, where building rapport with patients is central to effective care delivery. For example, taking the time to understand a patient’s fears about a surgical procedure and addressing them through clear communication can alleviate anxiety and foster a sense of security.
Moreover, PCC aligns with the holistic model of healthcare, which considers not only physical health but also psychological and social needs. Indeed, as a nursing student, I have observed during clinical placements how small gestures—such as involving a patient in discussions about their medication—can significantly enhance their sense of control and dignity. Therefore, person-centred care serves as a cornerstone for improving the overall patient experience, which is a priority in modern healthcare systems like the NHS.
Improving Clinical Outcomes
Beyond patient satisfaction, person-centred care has been shown to contribute to better clinical outcomes. When care is tailored to individual needs and patients are actively involved in decision-making, they are more likely to engage with treatment plans and adopt healthier behaviours. A report by the World Health Organization (WHO) highlights that PCC is associated with improved management of chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, as patients feel more empowered to take responsibility for their health (World Health Organization, 2015). For instance, a diabetic patient who collaborates with their nurse to create a manageable diet and exercise plan is more likely to achieve stable blood sugar levels compared to one who is simply given a standard directive.
Additionally, PCC can reduce the likelihood of adverse events by ensuring that care is customised to the patient’s specific circumstances. Errors such as medication non-compliance often arise when patients’ preferences or cultural beliefs are overlooked. By contrast, a person-centred approach encourages nurses to explore these factors, thereby minimising risks and enhancing safety. This evidence suggests that PCC is not only a compassionate choice but also a pragmatic strategy for achieving measurable health improvements.
Supporting Professional Practice and Ethical Standards
The importance of person-centred care extends to the professional development and ethical obligations of healthcare providers. For nurses, adopting a person-centred approach aligns with the core values of the profession, such as empathy, respect, and advocacy. The NMC Code explicitly states that nurses must “make the care of people your first concern, treating them as individuals” (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2018). Practising PCC, therefore, reinforces professional integrity and ensures compliance with regulatory standards.
However, it is worth noting that applying PCC is not without challenges. Time constraints, staffing shortages, and organisational priorities can sometimes hinder the ability to deliver truly individualised care. Despite these limitations, nurses must strive to balance systemic demands with patient needs, perhaps by prioritising effective communication even in brief interactions. Arguably, overcoming such challenges through training and reflective practice can enhance a nurse’s resilience and adaptability, both of which are critical skills in the healthcare field. Thus, PCC not only benefits patients but also enriches the professional experience of nurses by fostering meaningful therapeutic relationships.
Conclusion
In conclusion, person-centred care is a vital concept in healthcare that prioritises the individual needs, values, and preferences of patients. This essay has explored its definition, rooted in mutual respect and collaboration, and outlined its significance in nursing practice. The importance of PCC is evident in its capacity to enhance patient satisfaction, improve clinical outcomes, and support professional and ethical standards. Evidence from academic literature and authoritative guidelines, such as those from the NHS and WHO, underscores that PCC is integral to high-quality care delivery. However, challenges such as resource limitations highlight the need for ongoing training and systemic support to ensure its effective implementation. For aspiring nurses like myself, embracing person-centred care offers not only a pathway to better patient outcomes but also an opportunity to uphold the compassionate ethos of the profession. Ultimately, embedding PCC in healthcare practices is essential for creating a system that truly serves the individuals it aims to support.
References
- Department of Health and Social Care. (2021) The NHS Constitution for England. GOV.UK.
- McCormack, B. and McCance, T. (2010) Person-Centred Nursing: Theory and Practice. Wiley-Blackwell.
- Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2018) The Code: Professional Standards of Practice and Behaviour for Nurses, Midwives and Nursing Associates. NMC.
- Rathert, C., Wyrwich, M. D. and Boren, S. A. (2013) Patient-Centered Care and Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Medical Care Research and Review, 70(4), pp. 351-379.
- World Health Organization. (2015) WHO Global Strategy on People-Centred and Integrated Health Services. WHO.
