Introduction
This essay seeks to challenge the common perception of Victor Frankenstein, the protagonist of Mary Shelley’s *Frankenstein* (1818), as a selfish character driven solely by personal ambition. While Victor’s pursuit of scientific discovery and creation of the Creature often invite criticism for apparent egotism, this interpretation oversimplifies his motivations and actions. By examining his intentions, emotional struggles, and sense of responsibility, this essay argues that Victor is not inherently selfish but rather a complex figure shaped by intellectual curiosity, societal pressures, and profound guilt. The discussion will explore his initial scientific drive, his response to the consequences of his creation, and the personal sacrifices he endures, ultimately suggesting that his flaws stem more from hubris and misjudgement than selfish intent.
The Pursuit of Knowledge as Altruistic Ambition
At the outset, Victor’s desire to transcend the boundaries of human knowledge can be seen as a quest for communal benefit rather than personal gain. He articulates a vision to “penetrate the recesses of nature” and achieve breakthroughs that could alleviate human suffering (Shelley, 1818, p. 42). His fascination with alchemy and natural philosophy reflects a noble, if idealistic, aim to contribute to humanity’s progress, a theme resonant with Enlightenment ideals of scientific advancement. Indeed, as Mellor (1988) suggests, Victor’s early aspirations align with a cultural valorisation of discovery, where innovation was perceived as a societal good. While his obsession with creating life may appear self-serving, it is arguably rooted in a desire to serve a greater purpose rather than mere vanity. This interpretation positions Victor not as selfish but as misguided in his unchecked ambition, a flaw that does not equate to self-interest.
Guilt and Responsibility Post-Creation
Furthermore, Victor’s reaction to the Creature’s awakening and subsequent actions demonstrates a capacity for remorse that contradicts accusations of selfishness. Upon witnessing the grotesque reality of his creation, he is overwhelmed by horror and flees, yet this initial rejection is followed by intense guilt over the Creature’s plight and the tragedies that ensue. For instance, after the deaths of William and Justine, Victor laments, “I, not in deed, but in effect, was the true murderer” (Shelley, 1818, p. 87). This self-accusation reveals a profound sense of accountability, undermining the notion that he prioritises personal comfort over others’ suffering. According to Small (1973), Victor’s internal torment reflects a moral awareness that, while delayed, drives him to confront the consequences of his actions. Thus, his apparent neglect is less a marker of selfishness and more a manifestation of emotional paralysis and fear.
Personal Sacrifice and Redemption
Finally, Victor’s relentless pursuit of the Creature following the loss of his loved ones illustrates a willingness to sacrifice personal safety for the greater good. His journey across desolate landscapes, culminating in his near-death in the Arctic, signifies a shift from passive guilt to active responsibility. He seeks to protect humanity from the Creature’s wrath, stating, “I devote myself, either in my life or death, to his destruction” (Shelley, 1818, p. 199). This dedication, though tragic, suggests a selflessness that counters earlier criticisms of his character. While his vendetta may partly stem from personal grief, it also encompasses a broader protective instinct, highlighting a complexity often overlooked in simplistic readings of his motives.
Conclusion
In conclusion, labelling Victor Frankenstein as selfish oversimplifies the nuanced portrayal of his character in Shelley’s novel. His initial scientific endeavours, though flawed, emerge from a desire to benefit humanity; his guilt reveals a moral conscience; and his ultimate sacrifices indicate a commitment to rectify his errors. While Victor’s hubris and poor judgement lead to catastrophic outcomes, these traits do not equate to selfishness but rather to a tragic overreach of human potential. This analysis invites a more empathetic understanding of Victor, encouraging readers to consider the broader implications of ambition and responsibility in the pursuit of knowledge. Ultimately, Shelley’s text challenges us to question whether the label of selfishness adequately captures the intricate interplay of intention and consequence in Victor’s story.
References
- Mellor, A. K. (1988) *Mary Shelley: Her Life, Her Fiction, Her Monsters*. Routledge.
- Shelley, M. (1818) *Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus*. Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones.
- Small, C. (1973) *Ariel Like a Harpy: Shelley, Mary and Frankenstein*. Victor Gollancz.
